Kaararka ugu dambeeya ee hal-abuurka teknolojiyada eewarshadaha naxaasta ahwuxuu dhacay labaatankii sano ee ugu horreeyay qarnigan, markii godad furan, foosha qurxinta, iyo shelter-ka dib-u-dhigga lagu waafaqay si loo waafajiyo porphinry copperry orgas.

Marka laga reebo xaraashka xasaasiga ah ee loo yaqaan 'Elevent-Clevenning', hababka aasaasiga ah ee koobiga wax soo saarkiiba ma beddelin muddo 65 sano ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, lix ka mid ah miinada ayaa la furay dhererkiisu yahay 1900 iyo 1920 ayaa weli ka mid ah soosaarayaasha naxaasta ah ee ka jira Mareykanka maanta.

Halkii hore ee loo-socodsiiyay, hal-abuurka teknolojiyada ee warshadaha naxaas ah 65 sano ee la soo dhaafay waxay ka kooban tahay isbeddelo badan oo shirkada ah oo u oggolaanaya shirkadaha si ay uga faa'ideystaan ​​fasaxa hoose ee fasaxa. Dhaqaalaha cabirka ayaa dhab ahaa

ized dhammaan wejiyada wax soo saarka naxaasta ah. Labadaba MA Chilin iyo wax soo saarka aadanaha labadaba si aad ah ayey kor ugu kacday.

Cutubkani wuxuu si kooban u sharxayaa tikniyoolajiyadda soo saarista naxaas ah, sahaminta, macdanta iyo dhajinta iyo dib-u-hagaajinta ama dib-u-soo-saarista. The ter the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the st Kadib, mid kasta

Marxaladda wax soo saarka naxaasta ah, waxay dib u eegeysaa sicirka kirada-farshaxanka-farshaxanka, wuxuu cadeeyaa hormariska farsamada ee ugu dambeeyay ee farsamada iyo cilmi-baarista iyo baahiyaha horumarka, iyo dishu waxay u horseedaa muhiimadda horumarka kale ee warshadaha Mareykanka. Jaantus 6-1

waxay ku tusaysaa go'yaal qulqulaya pyrometillgegical 'iyo hydrometaalgal

2 wax soo saar naxaas ah. Miisaska 6-1 iyo 6-2 waxay bixiyaan soo koobid kaabsal ah howlahan.

1 Pyrometaiurgy waa soo saarista metai oo ka soo baxa Orres iyo tragen oo laga xardhay iyada oo loo adeegsanayo falcelinta kiimikada ee heerkulka sare.

2 hydrometalgys waa soo kabashada metais laga soo bilaabo ORES iyadoo la adeegsanayo xalka biyaha ku saleysan.

Laga bilaabo 6000 BC, copper-ka asalka ah - birta saafiga ah ayaa laga helay dhagaxyo guduudan oo ku yaal aagga Medceerean ee Medcesererean oo ay galeen maacuun, hub, iyo aalado. Qiyaastii 5000 BC, farshaxanka ayaa ogaatay in kuleylka uu naxaas ka soo baxo si ka mid ah malqaca. Iska tuurista iyo scring of naxaas waxay bilaabeen 4000-3500 BC (eeg Jaantus 6-2). Qiyaastii 2500 BC, naxaas ayaa lagu daray TIN si ay u sameeyaan naxaas-ka-dhig oo u oggolaaday hubka adag iyo aaladaha. Naxaas, oo ah alerobo naxaas ah iyo zinc, laga yaabee in aan la horumarin illaa 300 AD

Naxaasta ayaa markii ugu horreysay (sidii ay uga soo horjeedeen in laga helay dhulka) dooxada Timna ee reer binu Israa'iil - aag cidla ah oo la rumeysan yahay inay yihiin barta miinooyinka miinada King Solon (eeg Jaantus 6-3). Phoenciatioyinku iyo xukunkii, oo miinooyinka waaweyn ka dhex shaqeeyey Qubrus iyo aagga Rio Tinto ee koonfurta Spain, oo ay hormarisay horusocodka copper-ka iyo hababka macdanta. Tusaale ahaan, ragga ayaa helay ku dhawaad ​​100 mayd u ​​qaabeeyey oo qaab ciyaareed leh oo ku yaal Degmada Rio Tito Titoper. Khabiirada casriga ah ee casriga ah waxay heleen kaliya dhowr meelood oo dheeri ah, oo ku dhawaad ​​dhammaan soosaarka casriga ah ee Rio Tinto ayaa ka soo jeestay obe markii ugu horreysay ee ay soo saartay.

3 Rio Tooni, xukunku wuxuu ka dhawaajiyay sare, ee la aqoonsan yahay, qayb ka mid ah ore wuxuuna uruuriyay xalalka copper ee copper ee copper ah si tartiib ah u soo rogeen si tartiib tartiib ah u dhexgalka jirka. When the Moors conquered this part of Spain during the Middle Ages, the oxide ores had largely been exhausted.Learning from the Roman experience with seepage, the Moors developed open pit min ing, heap leaching, and iron precipitation tech niques that continued to be used Rio Tinto oo galay qarnigii 20aad.

Ingriiska, naxaasta iyo tin ayaa laga soo shaqeeyey darbiga hadhuudhka waxayna ka ganacsan jireen poiners-ka illaa iyo markii 1500 BC mas'uuliyadda ay soo saartay farsamooyinka biraha ee birta ah ee loo yaqaan Britain.